A B S T R A C TThe present study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting improving the quality of urban Housing. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population of the research was the residents of 8 residential complexes of Atabak neighborhood in District 15 of Tehran. Based on Cochran's formula, 384 questionnaires were distributed among residents. Finally, 380 complete and error-free questionnaires were collected. The data collection tool was a questionnaire, the validity of which was verified in the form of face and face validity, as well as divergent validity and reliability of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability. Analysis of data and information was done using SPSS and PLS software. The findings of this research showed Physical quality with a path coefficient of 0.368, the variable of access to urban services with a path coefficient of 0.339, the variable of Housing social conditions with a path coefficient of 0.169, and environmental quality with a path coefficient of 0.302 has a positive and significant impact on Housing quality. According to the path coefficient obtained for the research variables, the amount of their impact on Housing quality is evaluated as average. Among the identified factors, the factor of Physical quality with a path coefficient of 0.368 has the most significant impact, and the factor of access to urban services with a path coefficient of 0.339 is ranked second. Also, this factor has a positive and significant effect on the Physical quality factor of Housing.Extended AbstractIntroductionAtabak neighborhood is one of the neighborhoods of District 15 of Tehran. In this neighborhood, Physical changes have been made according to the interventions of the Tehran municipality in line with the implementation of the urban landscape plan and organized (inflow of private sector capital) in different years so far. Along with these interventions, the inadequacy of infrastructure and services to meet the population's needs has become this neighborhood's basic problem. Attention to its qualitative aspect needs to be addressed. This matter is important from the point of view of providing the city's basic needs, equitable distribution of facilities and resources, reducing urban inequalities, improving economic-social indicators, preventing unbridled and unplanned expansion, and ultimately improving the quality of life of the people. It demands that the quality of Housing and the factors affecting it be evaluated and that a double effort be made to improve it, and it can provide a suitable context for providing suitable models of Housing quality for citizens. Considering the mentioned cases, this research aims to answer the question:- What are the effective factors in improving the quality of Housing? MethodologyThe current research is descriptive-analytical. In terms of purpose, it is in the category of applied research. Two library and field methods have collected the information needed for this research. In the field method, primary data collection has been done according to the research questions by designing a 5-scale Likert scale questionnaire. The statistical population of the study was the residents of Mobaat, Minabi, Atabek, Shahrak Sajjadieh, Yas, Zahid Gilani, Shahid Asadi, and Safa residential complexes located in Atabak neighborhood of District 15 of Tehran. The statistical population was equal to 20469 people, and based on Cochran's formula, 384 questionnaires were distributed among residents. Finally, 380 complete and error-free questionnaires were collected; the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed in the form of face and face validity as well as divergent validity. In order to check the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha and combined reliability were used, and according to the results presented in the research findings section, the reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed. The data obtained from this research were analyzed using structural modeling using SPSS and PLS software. Results and discussion This research showed that Physical quality has a positive and significant effect on improving Housing quality; according to the value of the obtained path coefficient, which is equal to 0.368, the value of this effect is considered moderate. Based on the results, it can be said that Physical dimensions, such as the Physical crystallization of Housing, are the most objective and material issues in Housing evaluation, analysis, and planning. Concerning the impact of access to urban services on the quality of Housing, the findings indicated a significant impact of access to urban services. In explaining the results of this section, it can be said that gradually, the Housing is changing from a single purpose to a shelter. Those other aspects of welfare and social comfort are also added; the limits of enjoying services and access to the essentials of life are shown to evaluate the Housing quality. These indicators are very important in determining Housing quality and are an integral part of Housing planning. Access to urban Housing services is considered one of the main indicators of life, which the Population Crisis Committee has used to measure quality in the world's metropolises. In relation to social conditions and environmental quality on the quality of Housing, the results of this research confirmed the impact of the social environment and environmental quality on the quality of Housing. Creating residential spaces is a topic that has been discussed previously. From the beginning, human beings have tried to create a favorable living environment that matches the quality conditions of their residence's social and environmental environment. ConclusionThis research was written to explain the factors affecting improving the quality of urban Housing. The findings of this research showed that among the studied factors, the Physical quality factor with a path coefficient of 0.368 has the most significant impact on improving the quality of urban Housing in Tehran, such that this factor can explain 13.5% of the variance of the Housing quality condition variable. Physical quality is defined based on the structural basis of a building and is often defined in the form of rules and standards related to it. The Physical quality is sometimes interpreted as the appearance of buildings. Since they are fixed and real things, they are the reason for the emergence of general indicators for Housing evaluation. The second factor is access to urban services with a path coefficient of 0.339, so this factor can explain 11.4% of the variance of the Housing quality condition variable. This factor has been ranked second regarding the impact on Housing quality according to the path coefficient value obtained. In third place was the factor of environmental quality with the path coefficient value of 0.302, and this factor can explain 1.9% of the variance of the variable of Housing quality. Moreover, in the last place is the factor of Housing social conditions, which has a path coefficient of 0.196. Also, from the other results of this research, we can mention the positive effect of access to the quality of urban services on the improvement of the Physical condition of Housing, and the value of the path coefficient obtained for this effect is equal to 0.623 so that it is 38.8% of the variance of the variable. FundingThere is no funding support. Authors’ ContributionThe authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approthe contenttent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of InterestThe authors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

Housing typology is one of the best ways to be aware of the lifestyle, way of life, environment and thinking mixed with human taste and art at different times. The indigenous architecture of the villages of Hormozgan province has contributed less to this issue. In this regard, the villages of peripheral Bandar Abbas as a population, political and social center of the province is doubly important. Accordingly, in this research, the subject of typology of native houses of peripheral villages of Bandar Abbas will be studied based on two formal and functional systems. The research is qualitative; Field survey method was used in data collection and descriptive-analytical method was used in data analysis. In the first step, all the villages in this area were identified and classified into four geographical areas, including the villages of North, East, West and the city center; Then, among these villages that had a valuable texture and were located within a radius of 15 km of peripheral Bandar Abbas, 14 villages were selected and 4 local Housing units were removed from each village. The results showed that there were differences in the villages of the western regions with the villages of other places in terms of spatial relationships and functional diversity; In a way that in the villages of the western regions, due to the greater financial means of the inhabitants, the variety of spaces is more and the spatial relations are more hierarchical; Also, in the eastern parts of the city, where people have a history of nomadic life, the Housing Pattern is very similar to the structure of the caper, which is one of the most important manifestations of this issue, the lack of a yard or counter at the entrance to the house.

Purpose- The purpose of this article is the provision a context for the continuity and conveyance of hidden values in human habitations in a form of Patterns for future plans. Design/Methodology/Approach- Hezaveh village, located in Markazi Province, is one of the habitats that has always been noted due to its location and Physical traits. Hence, three residential samples were studied and analyzed. The research has been formed with an inductive approach based on field observations and documentary studies. The selection method of samples was based on diversity indicators in structural and functional Patterns. They were extracted among the observed samples based on statistical data according to the number of families, type of livelihood, etc. Findings- The findings of the research demonstrate the way Physical traits of habitats are considered in accordance with the natural environment, humans, and Housing formation. Thus, Housing can be understood as a fundamental type and pure form of a Physical environment that represent those Patterns. Because of the cold climate of the village, most houses have inner yards and are introverted. The ratio of the outer skin to the whole volume of buildings is low. Yards are relatively small and walls are thick. Moreover, the investigations revealed that there are somehow similar spaces in them. Practical implications- In its simplest use, the findings of the research might be deemed as a Pattern or criterion for the design of rural Housing which reflects the architectural properties of that region. Originality/Value- The analysis and inference methodology of a Pattern for rural Housing could be regarded as an innovation in this research.

The expansion of studies in the new era has led to the formation of wide-ranging discussions on the foundations and theoretical principles of Housing architecture. Such as psychological, cultural and phenomenological subjects. And it emphasizes the point that the house is more than a shelter and residence, it has a concept beyond the provision of Physical and functional needs. A conceptual look at the house makes the current Housing architecture aware of the qualities of the house. These qualities, in addition to meeting their functional needs, seek to solve the superior needs of the residents. With the beginning of the modern era, these qualities and concepts became less and less colorful in Iranian Housing architecture. Also, the speed and rapid change of the era also allowed these qualities to occur in Iranian architectural buildings. In this research, the main goal is to achieve the Physical-spatial Patterns of today's Housing by taking advantage of the desirable qualities of Kerman's historical houses. And the secondary goal is to achieve the process of how to extract and apply the spatial-Physical Patterns obtained. This research examines the historical houses of Kerman from a Physical and phenomenological point of view and achieves the extraction of desirable qualities. This research is practical in terms of purpose. Data has been collected with a qualitative method and through observation, field presence in the historical and contemporary context, and library sources. The method of analysis is comparative and with logical reasoning. As a result, the desired qualities have been obtained. Such as openness, flexibility, pale color, silence, static, open, alive, hidden, null, contextual and integrated. These qualities are defined along with Physical components of historical houses. Such as construction technique, materials and texture, color, proportions and scale, geometry, spatial organization and the way of interior arrangement of space, green space. In the end, these qualities along with Physical components have been selected in a balanced combination of light, texture and sound, proportions, integration with the natural environment, sky and earth. Then they are presented in the form of six Physical models of Housing. Then, by taking advantage of the desirable qualities obtained from the semantic and Physical studies of historical houses, they have been modernized.

house is an environment for the formation of social activities to satisfy a part of Physical and mental requirements. By observing the contemporary design construction industry, it is easy to notice the absolute ignorance toward behavioral, cultural and residential Patterns of users. By considering this problem, the main purpose of this paper is to emphasize on the role of behavioral Patterns, lifestyle and user’ s culture in their Housing Patterns as one of the most important tools of understanding the behavior of residents. In addition, due to the changes in the lifestyle and human’ s needs, the Housing Patterns have also evolved and have resulted in new spatial arrangements. This research examines the changes in Housing Pattern and people’ s lifestyle in “ Maragheh” over time Zand era to today. In this article methodology of research in literature review section is descriptive-analytical method and in field studies by qualitative method, 32 houses were reviewed and interviewed with fifty inhabitants, a semi-structured questionnaire and an anthropological questionnaire with interview analysis. The relationship of lifestyle to body structure is explained. And results shows that for proper design houses in each area, we need to probe that area’ s people’ s lifestyle, behavioral Patterns and daily and annual activities properly. Also probation of their Housing Patterns.

Introduction: Academic faculty members need to emphasize ethical principles in order to improve higher education, with the understanding of this importance, the current research was conducted with the aim of designing the ethical model of academic faculty members in Iran's higher education. Material & Methods: This research is a type of qualitative study that uses foundational data theory. The participants, including experts and faculty members of the country's public universities, who were responsible for the promotion of academic members, were selected as key informants through a targeted sampling method of 45 people. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The reliability and validity of the data were obtained from the two methods of reviewing the participants and recoding by experts. Data were analyzed by open, central and selective coding. Results: The results showed that the moral model of faculty members in Iran's higher education is explained in 10 main categories and 27 subcategories. Major and core categories in the form of 6 dimensions of causal conditions including (individual factors, organizational factors), core (cultural-educational, educational ethics, research ethics, scientific-executive), background conditions (higher education policies, moral activism), intervening conditions (environmental factors), strategies (micro level-university, macro level-higher education) and consequences (individual and organizational) were elevated to a higher abstract level and finally the research paradigm model was presented. Conclusion: The regulations for the promotion of academic staff members in Iran require a detailed revision of the content with an ethical and qualitative approach in order to make the indicators of the promotion regulations efficient and effective.

In the past few years, the Housing market has been one of the most fluctuating economic sectors of the country and has experienced several stagnant and revivification periods. Setting up a holistic program for controlling the Housing crisis needs a complete diagnosis and in-depth analysis of the effective dimensions of Housing price in crescent and their degree of influence. One of the most economical indexes used for evaluating the Housing situation in different countries, is the index of Housing cost portion in a family expenditure basket which can be the base of fundamental policy-makings in the Housing department. In countries with successful experiences in solving the Housing problem of different stratums of the society, Housing cost portion in the family expenditure basket is less than 15%, while in our country, IRAN, this portion is reported to be 53%. In other words, a high percentage of family income is used to pay the rent or to the house mortgage.According to the statistics of The Central Bank, the diagram of Housing price growth is not synchronized with the diagram of the price inflation growth and its staircase graph is fluctuating around the inflation axis. A few of the most dominant factors in outerfactors’ group are the economical ones such as liquidity, stock market index, interest rate, inflation and the per capita income. Inner factors also include different classes like Physical factors.To have a holistic overview on the factors affecting the Housing prices, dynamic systems method is used and the cause-effect loop diagram related to effectiveness mechanism of the mentioned factors in Housing prices is delineated.In Dynamic System, after determining the issue, a dynamic theory is shaped which explains the cause of the issue. Then, according to recognition of the relations between factors, a simulation model is designed and tested. Therefore, different policies which can contribute to solving the issue can be tested in this system and optimum solutions can be selected. In this paper, it was attempted to investigate the fundamental causes of Housing prices increase and the trend of factors influencing each other and the Housing prices by means of proposing a cause-effect diagram. Analyzing the diagram indicates that usage of modern technologies can accelerate construction and reduce the need for consumption factors. It also shows that increment in the pace of constructing leads to increase in supplying Housing and attracting investments to contribute to the construction processes.Transferring part of the liquidity to the efficient part of construction will be the result too.Increment in the consumption factors leads to increase in construction costs. As the result of the finalized price of the Housing; the pace of construction will go down. Irregular increment in the consumption factors due to the weakness of Housing scheme, reduction in the Housing demand, increment in adrift investments and increase in false demand in the Housing sector are the other results of the diagram evaluation. As a part of dynamic management needs and flow of dynamic decisions, the focal point of researches in this field must not stand on individual decisions and the decision making policies must be the center of the attention. Therefore, it is realized that most of these factors change the price of the houses due to their effect on the balance between supply and demand. This means that whenever a factor is able to increase the proportion of the demand to the supply, it can increase the Housing prices and vice versa.As the result, the approaches which can limit the supply-demand gap by accelerating the residential buildings construction and houses, supplying or preventing the demand increscent are counted as successful policies in reducing the Housing price. These policies can be presented in different economical, social and Physical classes. In this paper, the target is the Physical approaches which can be investigated more from the architectural viewpoint; approaches which can provide the base of increase in supply and decrease in demand in Housing marketplace by means of accelerating the construction processes and extending the buildings lifetime. In this case, approaches such as Housing development, the usage of new technologies, prefabrication, increasing the beneficial lifetime of residential buildings, repairing the old textures, modular designing and Housing schema amendment are proposed and discussed.

Investigating the behavior of agents in the Housing sector, including investors, households and developers, is very important. A large part of Housing price fluctuations is caused by the activities of these agent, especially the investors in this sector, and these Housing price fluctuations influence other economic sectors because the Housing sector has a lot of backward and forward relationships with other sectors. This research aims to analysis of the behavior of agent in the Housing sector in the forming of the equilibrium Pattern of Housing prices in Iran using the mathematical optimization method for the period of 1991 to 2022. The results show that there is a positive relationship between the equilibrium price of Housing with the construction cost of each residential unit, household income and investors' expectations of Housing prices. Also, there is a direct relationship between the volume of trading of investors and their expectations of Housing prices. When the expectations of Housing prices are in the range of zero to 1.71 and more than 1.71, investors will be in the position of selling and buying Housing, respectively. Hence, the relationship between the equilibrium price of Housing and the volume of trading of investors with the risk component of investors is positive, and if the equilibrium price of Housing is more (less than) 2.33, investors take a selling (buying) position. On the other hand, if the investors are in the low range of zero according to the amount of risk and volume of trading of investors, then the investors are in the selling position and if they are in the upper range of zero, the investors are in the buying position.

Today, the construction of Housing on people’ s life Pattern and lifestyle has a major impact. And cultural changes and evolution has created. Looking at the different regions of the old architecture, the size of these effects is more understanding. On the other hand, “ Housing” phenomenon is consistent with the whole “ social system” prevailing culture every nation takes shape; in fact, according to a set of values, meanings and norms that the “ culture” is common. On the other hand, today’ s technology and how to build a life Pattern in Housing has affected and there, you can change the concept of “ home” to “ house” and causes a variety of changes in lifestyle and life Pattern, especially in Turkmen that these changes in relationships and life Pattern in their Turkmen native dwellings have revealed. Therefore, in this paper, the nature of basic research methodology “ descriptive” ” data collection, including library and documentary studies and field studies have been used. And Physical structure analysis method to evaluate the effectiveness of biological Patterns of Turkmen and the like is used. Finally, the analysis of the impact of changes to a local house of (oy, Tom and others) and convert them into existing houses or new apartments in the area mentioned And is analyzed.

Housing enjoys a multilateral functioning in the rural system. One of theaspects highlighted by planning system is the renewal and rehabilitation ofHousing. In our country, Iran, development of rural Housing has experienceda growing trend, especially in the Physical and structural aspects. However, alarge part of the rural population in different areas of the country is living innon-resistant and less durable Housing. This article attempts to analyze thespatial distribution and quality of rural Housing in the country. In this articleit is tried to address and analyze the spatial distribution of quality andconstruction of rural Housing in various provinces in the country. The datawas derived from document studies. The quality of rural Housing in 9 indiceshas been measured for each province of the country. Data has been analyzedusing VIKOR method for the multi-criteria decision analysis. Finally, theclassification of provinces based on the construction and quality of ruralHousing was conducted using K cluster analysis in SPSS and output wasdrawn in GIS as a map. The results showed that there is a significantdifference and distinction in the types of materials used in the ruralsettlements. Such that a significant percentage of the houses are made out ofbricks, iron and stone that somehow confirms the durability and normalquality. In terms of spatial and local distribution it can also be said that thequality of rural Housing in most of the provinces (i. e. 24 provinces) are inlow-quality, medium and/or appropriate levels. Meanwhile, only threeprovinces of Mazandaran, Azerbaijan Sharghi and Kerman enjoy theexcellent quality in rural Housing construction.